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王崇芳《世界语实用中级课本》--第1课  补充注释

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发表于 2011-10-1 11:52:14 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
<div style="LAYOUT-GRID:  15&#46;6pt none" class="Section0">
<div style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">第一课课文补充注释</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><xml:namespace prefix="o" ns="urn:schemas-microsoft-comfficeffice" /><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">A</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">1&#46;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> La du unuaj laboristoj komencis disputadi pri siaj fosiloj&#46; <span style="font-family:宋体;">前两名工人开始争论他们应该使用什么样的锹。</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">本句中的“<span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">la du unuaj laboristoj</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">”指三个工人中的前两人。</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">2&#46; Dum ili disputadis, la tria per pli-malpli bona fosilo fosis sian sulkon kaj gajnis la premion&#46; <span style="font-family:宋体;">在他们争论的时候,第三名工人用一把不算好也不算坏的锹挖好了一道沟,从而获得了奖赏。</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">a<span style="font-family:宋体;">)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">la tria = la tria laboristo&#46; </span><span style="font-family:宋体;">世界语在句意清楚的情况下,有时可以省略前面出现过的词语。</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">b<span style="font-family:宋体;">)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">pli-malpli</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">是一个常用词语。下面补充几个用例:</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">Li pli-malpli frue venos al nia urbo&#46; <span style="font-family:宋体;">他迟早会到我们城市来。</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">Sxi restis tie pli-malpli unu horon&#46; <span style="font-family:宋体;">她呆在那里大约一个小时。</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">Gxi havas pli-malpli grandecon de monero&#46; <span style="font-family:宋体;">它和一枚硬币差不多大。</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">3&#46; <span style="font-family:宋体;">“</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">vivu</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">”作“万岁”讲时一定要放在句首。它是动词</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">vivi</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">的祈使式形式,用来祝愿某人长寿或希望某事物永远存在。例如:</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">Vivu nia regxo! <span style="font-family:宋体;">国王万岁!</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">4&#46; Cart<span style="font-family:宋体;">读作“</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Kart</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">”。</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">B</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">1&#46; Sur la tablo kusxis kajeroj kaj libroj&#46; <span style="font-family:宋体;">桌上放着笔记本和书。</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">kusxi<span style="font-family:宋体;">作了作“躺着”讲之外,还有“(东西)平放(在)”的意思。例如:</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">la krajono kusxas sur la fenestro&#46; <span style="font-family:宋体;">铅笔放在窗台上。</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">S</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">ur la tero kusxas sxtono&#46; <span style="font-family:宋体;">地上有一块石头。</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">表示“直立”在某处,可用动词“<span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">stari</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">”。例如:</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">Antaux la domo staras arbeto&#46; <span style="font-family:宋体;">房前长着一棵小树。</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">La tablo staras cxe la muro&#46; <span style="font-family:宋体;">桌子靠墙放着。</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">2&#46; La lernado dauxris tre longan tempon&#46; <span style="font-family:宋体;">学习持续了很长时间。</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">dauxri<span style="font-family:宋体;">(持续)是一个不及物动词。它后面的</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">tre longan tempon</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">不是直接宾语,而是表示时间持续的一种时间状语(</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">tre longan tempon = tre longe</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)。</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">3&#46; <span style="font-family:宋体;">— </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Jam laca mi estas&#46; Mi deziras iom ripozi kaj min iel amuzi&#46; </span><span style="font-family:宋体;">— </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">mi diris&#46; </span><span style="font-family:宋体;">“我已经累了。我想休息一下,消遣消遣。”我说。</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">a<span style="font-family:宋体;">)在世界语中表示说话的内容可以用引号“”,也可以用 —</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">&#46;&#46;&#46;</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">—表示。</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">b<span style="font-family:宋体;">)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">amuzi</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">是及物动词,</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">min</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">是</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">amuzi</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">的直接宾语。</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">min amuzi</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">的意思是“自娱”。</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">min iel amuzi </span><span style="font-family:宋体;">直译是“以某种方式自娱”。世界语为了读音优美和节奏和谐(</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; COLOR: rgb(255,0,0); FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">)习惯上常将单音节的宾格人称代词或双音节的指示代词<span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">tion</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">等放在动词的前面,而不放在句子末尾。</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">4&#46; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">Ĉ</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">u mi povas a</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">ŭ</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> ne, mi ne scias&#46; (= Mi ne scias, </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">ĉ</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">u mi povas a</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">ŭ</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> ne)&#46; <span style="font-family:宋体;">我不知道我能不能(做出来)。</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">5&#46; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">Ĉ</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">u vi povas fari kvar triangulojn el la ses alumetoj? <span style="font-family:宋体;">你会用六根火柴摆出四个三角形来吗?</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">介词<span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">per</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">和</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">el</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">有时都可以译成汉语的“用”。它们的区别是:前者表示为达到某一目的而使用某种工具或某一手段,后者表示构成某物的材料。例如:</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: rgb(255,0,0); FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">per:</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: rgb(255,0,0); FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">Li skribas per krajono&#46; <span style="font-family:宋体;">他用铅笔写字。</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">Ni rigardas per la okuloj kaj a</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">ŭ</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">skultas per la oreloj&#46; <span style="font-family:宋体;">我们用眼看,用耳听。</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">Ne </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">ĉ</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">iam per a</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">ĝ</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">o mezuri</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">ĝ</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">as la sa</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">ĝ</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">o&#46; <span style="font-family:宋体;">〈谚〉智慧并不总以年龄来衡量。</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: rgb(255,0,0); FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">el:</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: rgb(255,0,0); FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">La domo estas konstruita el brikoj&#46; <span style="font-family:宋体;">这房子是用砖头砌成的。</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">Ĝ</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">i estas bela statuo el marmoro&#46; <span style="font-family:宋体;">它是一座漂亮的大理石雕像。</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">Ne el </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">ĉ</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">iu ligno oni faras violonon&#46; <span style="font-family:宋体;">〈谚〉并非每根木头都可用来制作小提琴。</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">用火柴摆出三角形来,火柴实际上就是组成三角形的材料,所以不用<span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">per</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">而用</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">el</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">。</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">6&#46; Mi </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">ĉ</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">iel rompis al mi la kapon por trovi la solvon, sed vane&#46; <span style="font-family:宋体;">我绞尽脑汁想摆出四个三角形来,但没有成功。</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">“<span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">sed vane</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">”是一个略去主语和谓语的省略句(</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">vane</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">在句中作状语)。</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">7&#46; Konfesinte, ke mi ne estas kapabla tion fari, mi petis montri al mi la solvon&#46; <span style="font-family:宋体;">我承认自己摆不出来,就请他摆给我看。</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">“<span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Konfesinte</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">”是过去分词副词,表示“承认”这一行为在为主动词“</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">petis</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">”(请求)之前发生。“</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">ke mi</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">…</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> fari<span style="font-family:宋体;">”是</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">konfesinte</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">的宾语从句。</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">8&#46; Li unue faris unu triangulon el tri alumetoj kaj poste almetis al </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">ĝ</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">i la tri aliajn en tia maniero&#46; <span style="font-family:宋体;">他先用三根火柴摆出一个三角形,然后用如下方式把另外三根火柴放在这个三角形上。</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">la tri aliajn = la tri aliajn alumetojn&#46;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">E</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">n tia maniero <span style="font-family:宋体;">在那种(或:这种)方式。</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">maniero</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">前面一般使用介词</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">en</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,表示“以…方式”。例如:</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">Ŝ</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">i klarigis al mi en diversaj manieroj&#46; <span style="font-family:宋体;">她用各种方式向我解释。</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">L</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">i salutis min en ia stranga maniero&#46; <span style="font-family:宋体;">他用一种奇怪的方式向我打招呼。</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">9&#46; Nu, provu fari iun Esperantan sufikson a</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">ŭ</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> prefikson el la samaj alumetoj&#46; <span style="font-family:宋体;">那就请你设法用同样多的火柴摆出一个世界语后缀来。</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">“<span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">nu</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">”是世界语常用感叹词之一,主要用来引起对方注意或鼓励对方做某事。例如:</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">Nu, kion ni faros? <span style="font-family:宋体;">唔,我们干什么呢?</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">Nu, vidu, mia plano estas tia&#46; <span style="font-family:宋体;">请看,我们的计划是这样的。</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">Nu, ni ekiru&#46; <span style="font-family:宋体;">好,咱们就出发吧。</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">Nu, pri tio ni parolos morga</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">ŭ</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">&#46; <span style="font-family:宋体;">好吧,这件事我们明天再谈吧。</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><!--EndFragment-->
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-10-1 11:54:45 | 显示全部楼层
<div> </div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">B<xml:namespace prefix="o" ns="urn:schemas-microsoft-comfficeffice" /><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">1&#46; Sur la tablo kusxis kajeroj kaj libroj&#46; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">桌上放着笔记本和书。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">kusxi</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">作了作“躺着”讲之外,还有“(东西)平放(在)”的意思。例如:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">la krajono kusxas sur la fenestro&#46; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">铅笔放在窗台上。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">Sur la tero kusxas sxtono&#46; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">地上有一块石头。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">表示“直立”在某处,可用动词“</span><span lang="EN-US">stari</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”。例如:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">Antaux la domo staras arbeto&#46; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">房前长着一棵小树。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">La tablo staras cxe la muro&#46; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">桌子靠墙放着。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">2&#46; La lernado dauxris tre longan tempon&#46; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">学习持续了很长时间。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">dauxri</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(持续)是一个不及物动词。它后面的</span><span lang="EN-US">tre longan tempon</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不是直接宾语,而是表示时间持续的一种时间状语(</span><span lang="EN-US">tre longan tempon = tre longe</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">3&#46; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—</span><span lang="EN-US"> Jam laca mi estas&#46; Mi deziras iom ripozi kaj min iel amuzi&#46; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—</span> <span lang="EN-US">mi diris&#46; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“我已经累了。我想休息一下,消遣消遣。”我说。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">a</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)在世界语中表示说话的内容可以用引号“”,也可以用</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—</span><span lang="EN-US">&#46;&#46;&#46;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—表示。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">b</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)</span><span lang="EN-US">amuzi</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是及物动词,</span><span lang="EN-US">min</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是</span><span lang="EN-US">amuzi</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的直接宾语。</span><span lang="EN-US">min amuzi</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的意思是“自娱”。</span><span lang="EN-US">min iel amuzi </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直译是“以某种方式自娱”。世界语为了读音优美和节奏和谐(<span style="COLOR: red">,</span>)习惯上常将单音节的宾格人称代词或双音节的指示代词</span><span lang="EN-US">tion</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">等放在动词的前面,而不放在句子末尾。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">4&#46; Ĉu mi povas aŭ ne, mi ne scias&#46; (= Mi ne scias, ĉu mi povas aŭ ne)&#46; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我不知道我能不能(做出来)。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">5&#46; Ĉu vi povas fari kvar triangulojn el la ses alumetoj? </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">你会用六根火柴摆出四个三角形来吗?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">介词</span><span lang="EN-US">per</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</span><span lang="EN-US">el</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有时都可以译成汉语的“用”。它们的区别是:前者表示为达到某一目的而使用某种工具或某一手段,后者表示构成某物的材料。例如:</span></div>
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-10-1 11:56:27 | 显示全部楼层
<div> </div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red">per:<xml:namespace prefix="o" ns="urn:schemas-microsoft-comfficeffice" /><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">Li skribas per krajono&#46; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他用铅笔写字。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">Ni rigardas per la okuloj kaj aŭskultas per la oreloj&#46; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我们用眼看,用耳听。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">Ne ĉiam per aĝo mezuriĝas la saĝo&#46; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">〈谚〉智慧并不总以年龄来衡量。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red">el:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">La domo estas konstruita el brikoj&#46; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这房子是用砖头砌成的。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">Ĝi estas bela statuo el marmoro&#46; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">它是一座漂亮的大理石雕像。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">Ne el ĉiu ligno oni faras violonon&#46; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">〈谚〉并非每根木头都可用来制作小提琴。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">用火柴摆出三角形来,火柴实际上就是组成三角形的材料,所以不用</span><span lang="EN-US">per</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">而用</span><span lang="EN-US">el</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">6&#46; Mi ĉiel rompis al mi la kapon por trovi la solvon, sed vane&#46; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我绞尽脑汁想摆出四个三角形来,但没有成功。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“</span><span lang="EN-US">sed vane</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”是一个略去主语和谓语的省略句(</span><span lang="EN-US">vane</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在句中作状语)。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">7&#46; Konfesinte, ke mi ne estas kapabla tion fari, mi petis montri al mi la solvon&#46; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我承认自己摆不出来,就请他摆给我看。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“</span><span lang="EN-US">Konfesinte</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”是过去分词副词,表示“承认”这一行为在为主动词“</span><span lang="EN-US">petis</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”(请求)之前发生。“</span><span lang="EN-US">ke mi… fari</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”是</span><span lang="EN-US">konfesinte</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的宾语从句。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">8&#46; Li unue faris unu triangulon el tri alumetoj kaj poste almetis al ĝi la tri aliajn en tia maniero&#46; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他先用三根火柴摆出一个三角形,然后用如下方式把另外三根火柴放在这个三角形上。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">la tri aliajn = la tri aliajn alumetojn&#46;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">En tia maniero </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在那种(或:这种)方式。</span><span lang="EN-US">maniero</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">前面一般使用介词</span><span lang="EN-US">en</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,表示“以…方式”。例如:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">Ŝi klarigis al mi en diversaj manieroj&#46; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">她用各种方式向我解释。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">Li salutis min en ia stranga maniero&#46; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他用一种奇怪的方式向我打招呼。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">9&#46; Nu, provu fari iun Esperantan sufikson aŭ prefikson el la samaj alumetoj&#46; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">那就请你设法用同样多的火柴摆出一个世界语后缀来。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“</span><span lang="EN-US">nu</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”是世界语常用感叹词之一,主要用来引起对方注意或鼓励对方做某事。例如:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">Nu, kion ni faros? </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">唔,我们干什么呢?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">Nu, vidu, mia <xml:namespace prefix="st1" ns="urn:schemas-microsoft-comffice:smarttags" /><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">plano</st1:city></st1:place> estas tia&#46; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">请看,我们的计划是这样的。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">Nu, ni ekiru&#46; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">好,咱们就出发吧。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">Nu, pri tio ni parolos morgaŭ&#46; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">好吧,这件事我们明天再谈吧。</span></div>
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