王崇芳《世界语实用中级课本》--第6课 课文补充注释

anniespera

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<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第六课课文补充注释</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><xml:namespace prefix="o" ns="urn:schemas-microsoft-comfficeffice" /><o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">A<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue">1&#46; lerni</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue">studi</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的区别：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这两个词都有“学习”的含义。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">lerni</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是一个普通用词，指通过模仿、练习或别人教授等方式获得知识过程。它的宾语可以是名词，也可以是动词不定式。例如：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">lerni fremdan lingvon </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">学习外国语</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">lerni pentri </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">学习绘画</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">lerni rajdi sur ĉevalo </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">学骑马</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">homo lernas la tuta vivon&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">〈谚〉活到老学到老。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">Mi lernis </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red">memore</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"> la novajn vortojn&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我记住了这些生词。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">Mi multon lernis el tio&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我从中</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">学</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">到了很多东西。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">studi</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是勤奋而深入地学习，尤指为获得某一学科的较高深的专业知识而去听课或自己钻研书本。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">studi</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的宾语只能是表示学习对象的名词。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">studi fremdlingvan gramatikon </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">学习外语语法。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">studi filozofion </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">学习哲学；攻读哲学</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">studi Markson </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">研讨马克思著作</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">Li studas nun en Pekino&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他现在在北京读书。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">Ŝi studis sub profesoro Zhang&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">她曾在张教授指导下学习。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">另外，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">studi</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">还可以作“研究”、“探讨”、“仔细观察”讲。例如：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">studi la naturon </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">研究大自然</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">studi la mapon </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">仔细察看地图</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">studi la ecojn de substanco </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">探讨一种物质的性质</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div>

anniespera

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<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">2&#46; Mi sekvis, krome, kurson per korespondado&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">另外，我还上函授班。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><xml:namespace prefix="o" ns="urn:schemas-microsoft-comfficeffice" /><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue">Sekvi</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是一个常用动词。它除了作“跟随”讲之外，还有“遵循”、“效法”、“在…之后发生”等义。例如：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">Mi sekvis lin en la ĉambron&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我跟着他走进房间。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><xml:namespace prefix="st1" ns="urn:schemas-microsoft-comffice:smarttags" /><st1:place w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">Ili</span></st1:place><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"> ne sekvis mian konsilon&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他们不听我的劝告。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">Ni devas sekvi lian ekzemplon&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我们应该学习他的榜样。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">ost somero sekvas aŭtuno&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">夏去秋来。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">3&#46; <span style="COLOR: blue">partopreni</span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（参加）是由</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">parto</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（部分）和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">preni</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（拿，取）构成的合成词，它的后面一般接介词</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">en+</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">主格名词（相当于英语的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">take part in</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），也可接宾格名词。例如：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">partopreni en kurso por komencantoj (aŭ: kurson por komencantoj) </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">参加初级班学习</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">partopreni en grava kunveno (aŭ: gravan kunvenon) </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">参加一个重要会议</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">4&#46; Vi do lernis per “natura metodo”, se oni povas tiel diri&#46; Ĉu vere? </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如果可以这样说的话，你是用一种“自然的方法”学习的，对吗？</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">natura</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的意思是“自然的”，“合乎情理的”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">Se oni povas tiel diri</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在句中是插入语。<span style="COLOR: blue">插入语</span>是句子的一种独立成分，用来对句子的内容表明态度、作出评价、加以附带说明或提醒注意等。它的语法特点是：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">a&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">它和句子的其他成分没有语法联系，它的前后要用逗号与句子的其他成分隔开；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"> b&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">它可以是单词，也可以是词组或短句。例如：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">La pomujo kaj pirujo, <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">ekzemple</em>, estas fruktarbo&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">例如，苹果树和梨树是果树。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">Tiu ĉi libro, <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">por paroli sincere</em>, ne plaĉas al mi&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">老实说，我不喜欢这本书。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">Ne malhelpu min, <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">mi vin petas</em>&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">请您别妨碍我。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">Hieraŭ via frato, <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">mi ne scias <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">kiel</st1:place></st1:city>, ne venis</em>&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不知为什么，你哥哥昨天没有来。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>

anniespera

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<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">5&#46; Jes, ĝuste tian metodon mi uzis&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是的，我用的正是这种的方法。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><xml:namespace prefix="o" ns="urn:schemas-microsoft-comfficeffice" /><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue">Ĝuste</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">除了作“正确地”、“确切地”讲之外，还可作“正好”、“恰好”、“就”讲。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">6&#46; Por faciligi vian lernadon mi donacos al vi Esperantan-Ĉinan vortaron&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为了便于你学习我将送给你一本世汉词典。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">由两个并列形容词构成的带有连字符的合成形容词</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，两个并列成分可以同时加宾格词尾，也可以只在第二个成分后加宾格词尾。例如：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">Li aĉetis iran-reiran bileton&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他买了一张来回票。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">Mi havas vortaron franca-ĉinan&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我有一本法汉词典。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一般来说，前一种形式较为常见。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></div></div>

anniespera

<div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">B<xml:namespace prefix="o" ns="urn:schemas-microsoft-comfficeffice" /><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">1&#46; Kiam li estis mortinta, la tri fratoj klopodis dividi inter si la azenojn&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他死后弟兄三人就设法分驴。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这句话中的时间状语从句用复杂时态（过去完成时），因为从句的动作在先，主句的动作在后，如果使用简单时态，必须在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">kiam</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">前面加</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">post (Post kiam li mortis, la tri fratoj klopodis dividi inter si la azenojn)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，否则会使人误解为父亲死时儿子就已开始分驴。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">inter si</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的意思是“在他们之间”。这里用反身代词</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">si</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，说明是在弟兄三人之间。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">2&#46; <span style="COLOR: blue">klopodi</span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue">peni</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的词义区别</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如下：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue">klopodi</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的意思是为达到某一目的而“奔走”、“出力”、“忙碌”、‘“张罗”，既指使用体力和脑力，也指采取各种行动、步骤以及四出活动等。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">例如：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">Li klopodis por fondi la societon&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他为成立协会而奔走。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">Li klopodas ripari la maŝinon&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他忙着修理那台机器。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">Ŝi </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red">klopodis</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"> pri lia favoro&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">她设法得到他的宠爱。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><xml:namespace prefix="st1" ns="urn:schemas-microsoft-comffice:smarttags" /><st1:place w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">Ili</span></st1:place><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"> klopodas ĉe la lernejestro por enkonduko de Esperanto en la lernejojn&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他们努力说服校长在学校里开设世界语课。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue">peni</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的意思是为了获得某一结果而尽量使用体力或脑力，相当于汉语的“努力”、“尽力”、“使劲儿”，“力求”。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">例如：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">Mi penis rekte pensi en Esperanto&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我努力直接用世界语思维。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">Li penis ŝtopi la fendon&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他使劲儿堵塞裂缝。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">Ĉiuj rapidas al la pordo kaj penas eliri&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">所有人都迅速夺门而出。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">Mi penos veni al la kongreso&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我尽量来参加大会。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">Kiu mem ne penas, nenio al li venas&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">〈谚〉不花气力的人，一无所获。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div>

anniespera

<div> </div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">3&#46; Kaj li ordonis sian serviston, ke li alkonduku la azenaĉon el lia propra azenejo, kaj ke li starigu ĝin flanke de la dek sep azenoj&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">于是他叫他的<span style="COLOR: red">仆</span>人把那条瘦驴子<span style="COLOR: red">从自己的驴棚里</span>牵出来，并把它排在那十七条驴子的旁边。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><xml:namespace prefix="o" ns="urn:schemas-microsoft-comfficeffice" /><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第一个宾语从句“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">ke li alkonduku la azenaĉon el lia propra azenejo</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”中的主语“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">li</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”指的是仆从，所以后面不用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">sia</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">而用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">lia</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（指主人的）。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">用于主句的谓语动词是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">ordoni</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（命令），因而两个宾语从句中的谓语动词都用命令式。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue">flanke de</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的意思是“在…旁边”，相当于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">ĉe la flanko de</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。介词放在副词后，构成“副词</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">+</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">介词”结构。（参见课本</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">150</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">页）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">4&#46; Tute ne komprenante la kaŭzon, la tri fratoj des pli multe admiris la saĝulon, kiun ili kredis superhomo&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">由于不理解其中的道理，弟兄三人便更加钦佩那个聪明人，认为他是个超人。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分词副词除了表示时间概念外，还可以在句中作方式、原因、让步、假设或条件状语。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">例如：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">Ni ne perdu nian tempon, babilante kaj diskutante&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我们不要把时间浪费在闲谈和讨论上。（分词副词表示方式）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">Li forte laŭdadis la ĉevalon, dezirante ricevi ĝin&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他竭力称赞这匹马，因为他想要得到它。（分词副词表示原因）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">ovante ripozi, li preferis labori&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">虽然可以休息，他宁愿工作。（分词副词表示让步）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">En infero loĝante, kun diabloj ne </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red">disputu</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（假如）住在地狱里别和魔鬼争论。（分词副词表示假设）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">Aldonante la prefikson “nen-”, ni ricevas vortojn neajn&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">前缀“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">nen-</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”可以用来构成<span style="COLOR: red">否定</span>词。（分词副词表示条件。直译为：如果加上前缀“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">nen-</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”我们可以得到否定词。）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></div><br />